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Hemiballism a Case Report and Literature Review

Published in Reports (Volume 1, Issue 3)
Received: 20 April 2021     Accepted: 8 May 2021     Published: 5 November 2021
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Abstract

The term ballism derives from the Greek word ballistēs which translates as "throw". Ballism is one of the abnormal movements reported in the medical literature, characterized by the involuntary, non-purposeful action of a limb, in a repetitive, sudden, centrifugal way, and when it affects the upper and lower limbs together ipsilaterally in a patient is called hemiballism, this neurological manifestation is part of the so-called abnormal hyperkinetic movements. The objective of our report is to present the clinical picture of a patient with hemiballism who jointly presents cerebrovascular alterations and the use of dopaminergic drugs. He is a male of 79 years old, with a history of chronic degenerative diseases such as, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, vascular cognitive deficit and apparently Parkinson's disease, which presented abnormal movements of sudden onset, of insidious progression, to the left side of the uncoordinated type, abrupt, thick, centrifugal, causing disability in their bodily functioning and deteriorating their quality of life. This picture began after the increase in the medicines used for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The diagnosis of Hemiballism was established and medical treatment based on Haloperidol and reduction of the antiparkinsonic drug was provided, showing an important improvement evidenced in the attached video. A review of the anatomical, histological, physiological and pathophysiological aspects related to this type of pathology is made emphasizing the relationship of the direct and indirect pathways of the extrapyramidal system used for the modulation of the corporal movement by the primary motor system.

Published in Reports (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.reports.20210103.11
Page(s) 14-23
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hemiballism, Basal Ganglia, Abnormal Movements

References
[1] William W. Campbell, MD. Chapter 26. The Extrapyramidal Level. The Neurologic Examination DeJong’s 7th edition. 2013. Ed Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer. pp 399-409.
[2] Ruth H. Walker, M. B., Ch. B., Ph.D. and C. Warren Olanow, M. D., FRCP. Anatomy and Functional Models of the Basal Ganglia. Seminars in Neurosurgery, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2001: 149-159.
[3] Postuma RB, Lang AE. Hemiballism: revisiting a classic disorder. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 661–668.
[4] F. Ghika-Schmid, J. Ghika, F. Regli, J. Bogousslavsky. Hyperkinetic movement disorders during and after acute stroke: The Lausanne Stroke Registry. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 146 (1997): 109-116.
[5] Richard B. Dewey, Jr, Joseph Jankovic, MD. Hemiballism-Hemichorea. Clinical and Pharmacologic Findings in 21 Patients. Archives of Neurology, Vol 46. August 1989: 862-867.
[6] Dorland WA, ed. Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 30th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2003.
[7] Berman SA. Chorea. Joseph AB, Young RR, eds. Movement Disorders in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science; 1999. 481-94.
[8] Dewey RB Jr, Jankovic J. Hemiballism-hemichorea. Clinical and pharmacologic findings in 21 patients. Arch Neurol. 1989 Aug. 46 (8): 862-7.
[9] Dubinsky RM, Greenberg M, Di Chiro G, et al. Hemiballismus: study of a case using positron emission tomography with 18fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. Mov Disord. 1989. 4 (4): 310-9.
[10] Fukui T, Hasegawa Y, Seriyama S, et al. Hemiballism-hemichorea induced by subcortical ischemia. Can J Neurol Sci. 1993 Nov. 20 (4): 324-8.
[11] Glass JP, Jankovic J, Borit A. Hemiballism and metastatic brain tumor. Neurology. 1984 Feb. 34 (2): 204-7.
[12] Sanchez-Ramos JR, Factor SA, Weiner WJ, Marquez J. Hemichorea-hemiballismus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cerebral toxoplasmosis. Mov Disord. 1989. 4 (3): 266-73.
[13] Vidakovic A, Dragasevic N, Kostic VS. Hemiballism: report of 25 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994 Aug. 57 (8): 945-9.
[14] Klawans HL. Chorea. Can J Neurol Sci. 1987 Aug. 14 (3 Suppl): 536-40.
[15] Evidente VG, Gwinn-Hardy K, Caviness JN, Alder CH. Risperidone is effective in severe hemichorea/hemiballismus. Mov Disord. 1999 Mar. 14 (2): 377-9.
[16] Joseph Jankovic MD. Treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Lancet Neurol. Sep 2009; vol 8: 844–56.
[17] Leavitt BR, Hayden MR. Is tetrabenazine safe and effective for suppressing chorea in Huntingtons disease? Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2006 Oct. 2 (10): 536-7.
[18] Savani AA, Login IS. Tetrabenazine as antichorea therapy in Huntington disease: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2007 Mar 6. 68 (10): 797.
[19] Grove VE Jr, Quintanilla J, DeVaney GT. Improvement of Huntingtons disease with olanzapine and valproate. N Engl J Med. 2000 Sep 28. 343 (13): 973-4.
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    Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Landeros, Adriana Carlota Cantú Salinas, Ezequiel Enrique Paypa Jabre, Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Rodríguez, Mariana Sánchez Murillo. (2021). Hemiballism a Case Report and Literature Review. Reports, 1(3), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.reports.20210103.11

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    ACS Style

    Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Landeros; Adriana Carlota Cantú Salinas; Ezequiel Enrique Paypa Jabre; Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Rodríguez; Mariana Sánchez Murillo. Hemiballism a Case Report and Literature Review. Reports. 2021, 1(3), 14-23. doi: 10.11648/j.reports.20210103.11

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    AMA Style

    Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Landeros, Adriana Carlota Cantú Salinas, Ezequiel Enrique Paypa Jabre, Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Rodríguez, Mariana Sánchez Murillo. Hemiballism a Case Report and Literature Review. Reports. 2021;1(3):14-23. doi: 10.11648/j.reports.20210103.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.reports.20210103.11,
      author = {Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Landeros and Adriana Carlota Cantú Salinas and Ezequiel Enrique Paypa Jabre and Claudio Ernesto Muñiz Rodríguez and Mariana Sánchez Murillo},
      title = {Hemiballism a Case Report and Literature Review},
      journal = {Reports},
      volume = {1},
      number = {3},
      pages = {14-23},
      doi = {10.11648/j.reports.20210103.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.reports.20210103.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.reports.20210103.11},
      abstract = {The term ballism derives from the Greek word ballistēs which translates as "throw". Ballism is one of the abnormal movements reported in the medical literature, characterized by the involuntary, non-purposeful action of a limb, in a repetitive, sudden, centrifugal way, and when it affects the upper and lower limbs together ipsilaterally in a patient is called hemiballism, this neurological manifestation is part of the so-called abnormal hyperkinetic movements. The objective of our report is to present the clinical picture of a patient with hemiballism who jointly presents cerebrovascular alterations and the use of dopaminergic drugs. He is a male of 79 years old, with a history of chronic degenerative diseases such as, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, vascular cognitive deficit and apparently Parkinson's disease, which presented abnormal movements of sudden onset, of insidious progression, to the left side of the uncoordinated type, abrupt, thick, centrifugal, causing disability in their bodily functioning and deteriorating their quality of life. This picture began after the increase in the medicines used for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The diagnosis of Hemiballism was established and medical treatment based on Haloperidol and reduction of the antiparkinsonic drug was provided, showing an important improvement evidenced in the attached video. A review of the anatomical, histological, physiological and pathophysiological aspects related to this type of pathology is made emphasizing the relationship of the direct and indirect pathways of the extrapyramidal system used for the modulation of the corporal movement by the primary motor system.},
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    AB  - The term ballism derives from the Greek word ballistēs which translates as "throw". Ballism is one of the abnormal movements reported in the medical literature, characterized by the involuntary, non-purposeful action of a limb, in a repetitive, sudden, centrifugal way, and when it affects the upper and lower limbs together ipsilaterally in a patient is called hemiballism, this neurological manifestation is part of the so-called abnormal hyperkinetic movements. The objective of our report is to present the clinical picture of a patient with hemiballism who jointly presents cerebrovascular alterations and the use of dopaminergic drugs. He is a male of 79 years old, with a history of chronic degenerative diseases such as, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, vascular cognitive deficit and apparently Parkinson's disease, which presented abnormal movements of sudden onset, of insidious progression, to the left side of the uncoordinated type, abrupt, thick, centrifugal, causing disability in their bodily functioning and deteriorating their quality of life. This picture began after the increase in the medicines used for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The diagnosis of Hemiballism was established and medical treatment based on Haloperidol and reduction of the antiparkinsonic drug was provided, showing an important improvement evidenced in the attached video. A review of the anatomical, histological, physiological and pathophysiological aspects related to this type of pathology is made emphasizing the relationship of the direct and indirect pathways of the extrapyramidal system used for the modulation of the corporal movement by the primary motor system.
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Author Information
  • Neurology Service, University Hospital “Dr, José Eleuterio Gonzalez”, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico

  • Introduction to the Clinic Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico

  • Pediatrics Department, University Hospital “Dr, José Eleuterio Gonzalez”, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico

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